The vagus nerve, the tenth cranial nerve, is a key component of the parasympathetic nervous system, often called the “rest and digest” system. It runs from the brainstem through the neck, chest, and abdomen, innervating multiple organs, including the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. Its primary roles include: Regulating Autonomic Functions: It controls heart rate, […]
The Valsalva maneuver is a non-invasive technique used to stimulate the vagus nerve, primarily to slow a rapid heart rate, such as in supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), or for diagnostic purposes. It involves forceful exhalation against a closed airway, which increases intrathoracic pressure and triggers the vagus nerve to enhance parasympathetic activity, slowing heart rate. My […]
We have examined the gut microbiota, blood-brain barrier (BBB), gut-brain axis, and probiotics in previous articles in relation to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Let us look at a detailed overview of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), focusing on its mechanisms, applications, recent research (2020–2025), and connections to the BBB, microbiota, and gut-brain axis. […]
The gut microbiota refers to the diverse community of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc.) residing in the gastrointestinal tract, which profoundly influences health, including brain function and barrier integrity. Below, I’ll provide a detailed overview of the microbiota’s composition, functions, mechanisms of interaction with the BBB and vagus nerve, and recent research findings, integrating insights […]
This is an overview of probiotics for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), focusing on their mechanisms, recent research (2020–2025), and connections to the BBB (Blood-Brain Barrier) and vagus nerve. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits, including potential neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This article integrates insights and relevant findings, […]