The role of the vagus nerve in regulating inflammation and its broader implications for immunity and metabolism have been analyzed by Valentin A. Pavlov and Kevin J. Tracey in the article, “The vagus nerve and the inflammatory reflex—linking immunity and metabolism.” The two scientists describe the inflammatory reflex as a neural circuit where the vagus […]
The vagus nerve, the tenth cranial nerve, is a key component of the parasympathetic nervous system, often called the “rest and digest” system. It runs from the brainstem through the neck, chest, and abdomen, innervating multiple organs, including the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. Its primary roles include: Regulating Autonomic Functions: It controls heart rate, […]
We have examined the gut microbiota, blood-brain barrier (BBB), gut-brain axis, and probiotics in previous articles in relation to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Let us look at a detailed overview of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), focusing on its mechanisms, applications, recent research (2020–2025), and connections to the BBB, microbiota, and gut-brain axis. […]